Health

Continued from last month. Click here to read.  by Emma Ware This month’s discussion on the health benefits, or not, of butter and margarine is formulated from information from an article written on April 22, 2016, in the Doctors Health Press and online at www.mayoclinic.org. As we said in Part 1, butter is a natural dairy product, and margarine is a heavily processed product made from vegetable oil. It is less healthy than an all natural product. But the question still remains: which is the better choice based on the final outcome on the body? The following chart will help you see the differences between the two.  We can see that butter is higher in different kinds of fat, but what does that really mean? To make butter, cow’s milk is shaken, agitated or churned until the fats separate from the liquid, which eventually results in butter. Margarine, on the other hand, is a man-made, highly processed product made from vegetable oil. It was created in 1869 in France as a replacement for those who couldn’t afford butter’s high price tag. It was primarily used by the military and poor families.  Margarine is similar in taste, appearance and consistency to butter. Unfortunately, these similarities are achieved by adding a variety of artificial ingredients, including emulsifiers and artificial coloring. It is then put through a process of hydrogenation which extends its shelf life but increases the trans fat content. Originally margarine was considered better. It was believed that butter was bad for heart health as a result of its saturated fats and cholesterol— both of which are found in high levels. In turn, it was thought that butter would raise people’s cholesterol levels, which in turn raises their risk of heart disease.  However, there are two types of cholesterol: one that’s good for us, HDL, and one that’s bad for us, LDL. Research has since found that saturated fat and dietary cholesterol raise HDL cholesterol, and that they don’t raise LDL cholesterol.  Instead, they actually improve LDL, making it more benign and less harmful. This means that the saturated fat in butter does not increase the risk of heart disease. Many subsequent studies have confirmed this. From the Mayo Clinic website: “When it comes to butter versus margarine, it may surprise you as to which food is worse for your heart health. It’s the margarine, because of its trans fat content. Trans fats have been linked to heart disease; margarine also contains other ingredients that may lead to cancer and other ailments.” To sum it all up— the main difference between butter and margarine is that one is all natural and one is highly processed.  I personally prefer the taste of butter and am happy to discover that even though butter is high in both saturated fat and cholesterol, it is low in trans fat which is now the culprit being linked to heart disease. Moderation is always the key to making healthy choices. As in all my articles, I suggest that you always check with your doctor before deciding to make any changes to your health routine. Let me know your take on this information, there is much more out there on this subject. Next month we will talk about the stress of holiday seasons and the effect stress has on our health. Stop by the office at 2798-D Howard Ave. in Market Common or give me a call at 843-997-7037.  Blessings, Emma

by Emma Ware Every controversy has two sides. This month’s topic, on which one is better for your health— butter or margarine— is no different, and comes with information supporting both sides. This article is formulated from the most current information available online to the general public. Information can also be found in bookstores, at the library, and in pamphlets at doctors offices, especially cardiologists.  I hope the aforementioned resources and this article will guide your own search for information that’s relevant to your specific needs, and help you decide which food is best for you.  My caution always is and still remains that you check with your doctor before making any changes to your health routine. News-Medical Life Science/Health, found on the web, wrote a comparison between butter and margarine dated from February 7, 2019.  In the article, they remind us that butter is a dairy product obtained after separating the cream from milk. It is made up of 80%-82% milk fat, 16-17% water with 1-2% of milk solids. It is available as salted, sweet, or reduced-fat. Butter also contains saturated fats, proteins, calcium and phosphorus, with some essential fat-soluble vitamins such as A, D and E.  Emma Ware. — Photo Meganpixels Parker On the other hand, margarine is prepared from liquid vegetable oils by the process of hydrogenation which saturates the fatty acids through the addition of hydrogen.  Hydrogenation alters the molecular structure of fatty acids so that trans fats may be formed, and results in the fat assuming a semi-solid state. This increases the shelf life and durability of the margarine and also make foods cooked with this fat crisper. The more solid the consistency of the margarine, the greater the percentage of trans fat. Both butter and margarine hold approximately the same percentage of fat—nearly 70-80%. They differ from each other in regard to their preparation, ingredients, flavor, nutritional value and type of fatty acids.  Stay tuned for part two of this article next month, which will continue to detail the differences between butter and margarine.  We’ll also discuss the differences between types of margarines. We’ll explore how butter and margarine varieties each contributes to a person’s cholesterol and the affects on health.  As always, I’m reminding you to consult with your doctor regarding any changes you make to your health regimen. Call with your comments at (843) 997-7037 or stop by the office at 2798-D Howard Ave in Market Common. Blessings, Emma Click here to read Part 2. 

Should I Use Artificial Sweeteners? by Emma Ware Continued from last month. Click here to read Part 1.  Do we know what the ingredients of artificial sweeteners are?  A report by Dr. Edward Group, founder of Global Healing Center based in Houston, TX written September 30, 2013, gives us a clear definition of aspartame.  He writes: “The chemical aspartame is made from the waste product of E. coli bacteria. To be blunt, it’s made from bacteria poop. As if thats not bad enough, the poop is then benzylated and hydrolyzed and the result of that process is then methylated and debenzylated.”   He continues, “Are your eyes crossed from trying to make sense of that?” Here is more to digest. The patent for aspartame reveals that the E. coli bacteria are genetically manipulated, but the manufacturer claims that there are no GMO molecules in aspartame. They are saying that genetically modified bacteria produce normal poop. That’s a little much for me.   For me, this is the decision maker: for all who believe artificial sweeteners are safe and prefer them over real honest, safe sugar— artificial sweeteners actually make you hungry.  The science isn’t clear on the exact mechanism that causes this, but research suggests that when you eat or drink foods that contain aspartame, you will have a hard time controlling your appetite. That’s a strange kind of diet food.  Here is the clincher. Aspartame itself doesn’t move through your digestive tract. It’s quickly broken down into orate substances which enter the blood stream. These substances are metabolized further; one of those is formaldehyde— which is used to embalm dead bodies.  Another way aspartame and other non-nutritive sweeteners may affect body weight is by increasing people’s appetite, which may lead to a higher food consumption. A 2013 review published in Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism cites several animal studies that report a link between regular intake of non-nutritive sweeteners and increased food intake. The review suggests that sweeteners may increase appetite by disrupting the signaling process that usually occurs when a person eats foods with more calories.  Sweet tastes typically signal to the body that food is entering the gut. The body then expects to receive calories and signals when eating should stop by making a person feel full or satiated when they do.  A person experiences the same sweet taste when they consume sweeteners, but the body receives fewer calories than it might otherwise expect to. If this happens regularly, according to the theory, the body unlearns the association between sweet tastes and calories. This reversal means that high-calorie foods will no longer trigger feelings of fullness. This may lead to overeating. If all this information has created a monster to cause anxiety over choosing how to sweeten your foods, then I’ve made my thoughts known. Do your research, eat real foods, read labels and choose wisely. Always check with your doctor before making any changes to your health routine. I’d love to hear from you on this controversial issue.  Call me at the office at 843 997-0067 or stop by the office at 2798-D Howard Ave in Market Common. Blessings, Emma

Should I Use Artificial Sweeteners? by Emma Ware This subject is without question the most argued food subject of our time. Just what are artificial sweeteners?  To me, the answer is in the name. They are artificial. They are formulated and manufactured in laboratories that produce the end product.  Once they obtain approval from the FDA, they then sell the formulas to companies that mass-produce these sweeteners and market them to the general public as a food.  The problem is that the FDA’s approval was obtained twenty-six times over the past twenty-three years despite objections and criticism from numerous physicians, scientists and non-industry-sponsored studies.  The studies done by MEDLINE showed that 92% reported one or more problems with aspartame in terms of its effects on health.  These studies reported a range of side effects including fibromyalgia, brain tumors, memory loss, lymphoma, leukemia and peripheral nerve cancer; headaches and migraine symptoms are the most common side effects of aspartame.  In 1995, FDA Epidemiology Branch Chief Thomas Wilcox concluded that reports done between the years 1981 and 1995 showed aspartame to be the cause of 75% of all reports of adverse reactions to substances in our food supply.  Numerous reports, campaigns, and studies have evaluated the health risks of aspartame. You may not even be aware of it, because the campaigns are normally directed at the brand name under which it is sold.  Names like Equal and Nutra Sweet are more well-known as artificial sweeteners than aspartame. And they are often claimed to be a healthy alternative to sugar. Don’t accept these claims as truth without doing your own research and confirming the sources. As with any subject of controversy, there are always contradicting viewpoints.  As a knowledgeable consumer, it’s our responsibility to confirm studies and make the best possible choices when it comes to agreeing to ingest a product claimed to be safe.  My personal question is and will continue to be, “Is this product real food or is it produced in a laboratory and claimed to be safe?”   There have been monumental changes to our food supply over the last forty years that have altered the end products, making many people unfamiliar with the original whole product.  Genetically modified foods change the molecular structure of food, and many are, in the end, more chemical than food.  To be continued. Click here to read Part 2. 

Cooking For Our Health by Emma Ware One of my go-to places on the web is WebMD; and as I was researching material for this article at that site, I discovered information contributed by Monica Moreno, adjunct professor of nutrition at the University of Miami, also a dietitian for the Miami Marlins. According to Monica, it’s best to cook with herbs and spices regularly— something I encourage all of my clients to do because of what she next stated: herbs and spices come from the leaves, seeds, berries, and roots of plants. Research shows they are chock-full of healthy constituents. Both herbs and spices fight inflammation and reduce damage to your body’s cells. They are both rich in phytochemicals (healthy plant chemicals).  Below are a few of these beneficial spices for your culinary consideration, along with their positive side affects, which you may not have been aware of previously.  Cardamon: A sweet, pungent spice known to soothe an upset stomach. Lab studies show it may also help reduce inflammation. An added perk is that it is high in minerals like magnesium and zinc.  Cinnamon: It’s low in calories, sugar-free and inexpensive. Use it to sweeten coffee or tea. Lab studies show that cinnamon may help with inflammation and fighting off bacteria as well as fending off the free radicals that can damage your cells. In addition to all those benefits, cinnamon also helps to lower blood sugar—  but be sure to check with your doctor first when using it for this purpose.  Cocoa: Often thought of only as a key ingredient in chocolate, this is a spice with many health perks. It’s full of flavonoids that are antioxidants shown to boost heart health. Flavonoids seem to play a role in lowering cholesterol and blood pressure, helping to keep your coronary arteries healthy among other benefits. Cumin: Known worldwide as a key ingredient in many Indian dishes, cumin is naturally rich in iron. It may also play a role in weight loss. One study conducted involved eighty-eight overweight women. Those on a low fat diet who ate less than a teaspoon of cumin daily lost more weight and body fat than those who didn’t add it on the same diet. Garlic: This plant has a powerful compound called allicin. Lab studies have shown that it may lower your chances of getting heart disease. Another study shows that eating garlic regularly may help with high cholesterol and high blood pressure. But to receive the benefits— you must crush the clove. Allicin is formed only after the cells in the garlic are cut or crushed.  I hope this bit of information encourages you to research and experience more of the truly awesome benefits of adding herbs and spices to your menu. You will find amazing information about these incredible, flavorful, healthy compounds from natures own medicine chest. Remember to always check with your doctor before making any changes to your health regimen. And be sure to listen to Myrtle Beach’s 99.5 talk radio this month for my call-in segment with Dave.  Come find me at 2798-D Howard Ave. in the Market Common. Or call me at 843-997-7037. Your questions and comments are always welcome.  Blessings, Emma

What Do You Know About It? by Emma Ware This article is comprised of some interesting facts about hydration according to sports physician Dr. James Batson of Lowcountry Spine and Sport, in Hilton Head Island, SC. “Thirst isn’t the best indicator that you need to drink,” says Dr. Batson. “If you feel thirsty, you are already dehydrated.”  The importance of recognizing the need to stay hydrated plays a huge role in heart health. If you are well hydrated, your heart doesn’t have to work hard to pump blood through the blood vessels to the muscles, and it helps the muscles to work more efficiently.  My research revealed several ways we can become dehydrated. Climate is a big factor, and living in the hot South we are more prone to dehydrate faster.  Exercise, sitting in the sun, outdoor games, stressful jobs— there are endless reasons why we lose fluids, which quickly results in dehydration. So what do we do about it? Before we delve into solutions, let’s explore what staying hydrated does for our bodies.  Every cell, organ and tissue needs water to work properly. For example, your body needs water to maintain its temperature, remove waste, and lubricate your joints. Water is needed for overall good health, and as I said earlier, for heart health. The recommended intake of water is between eight to ten 8oz glasses of water daily, but that is not always the case. Some people need less and others may need more depending on their circumstances. As you get older, your brain may not be able to sense dehydration as quickly, so it won’t send you the message to drink. Sometimes hunger is an indicator that you could actually be dehydrated. A good way to check if you need water is to check your urine: if it’s clear you are well hydrated, if it is colored, you should drink.   Water makes up more than half your body weight and we lose water throughout the day by going to the bathroom, exercise, sweating in the heat, and sometimes, from illness like fever or vomiting. So now what do we do to stay hydrated? Water is and always has been the best choice, but with all the different types sold today how do we make the best choice?  Look for waters that contain minerals without additives. Avoid any flavorings or sweeteners because they could be chemical-based, causing further dehydration. You can add a slice of lemon or orange and a splash of real fruit juice for flavor. Keep it natural.   Research among the many available sources and be sure to carry some with you as summer approaches, especially when out and about. Stay well-watered and enjoy our upcoming summer season. Remember, as always, when making any new changes to your health routine, check with your doctor first.  You can reach me at 843 997-7037, or visit me at the office at 2798-D Howard Avenue, in the Market Common. 

Is It Safe For Our Skin? by Emma Ware When it’s May in the South, we have, for the most part, already put away our winter clothes and are happily sporting flip flops, shorts, and tank tops, (at least some of us are).  Because it’s warmer here than in the North, getting a sunburn happens fast— often within minutes. So what is one to do?  There’s been great controversy over using sunscreen. So many studies have been done on both sides of the issue, leaving us unsure who or what to believe. I can’t say I’m an expert on the subject, but what I can share with you is how our wonderful bodies are complexly designed to accept, or reject what we subject it to. What we put on our skin, the largest organ of our bodies, is processed through the blood. And how does what’s absorbed through the skin, affect us long-term? After researching much information, I came upon an article that I found helpful in determining how I make my choices on what to put on my skin. I hope it helps all of you in making your decision to use a product produced to protect you from burning. The website is from a skin care company. I’m not promoting their products— just the information. The address is www.annmariehianni.com and it is titled, “How much does our skin actually absorb?” by Aubrey Wallace. This is what I found helpful: Skin absorbs what we put on it from transdermal medications to creams to smooth and soften etc. Studies have found linalool in the bloodstream of people regularly using lavender essential oil topically, as well as lead in the bodies of children from Oakland from playing outside in polluted air and dirt. These are just a few finds to make us wonder. Our skin is an elimination system; we have four million sweat glands and on average shed almost nine pounds of skin every year. Our skin, liver, kidneys and lungs are always working to detoxify our bodies. So if we put products on our skin not knowing how they will be processed, do we know if the benefits are greater than the risks?  The bigger issue is understanding the difference between absorption and penetration. Penetration is when a chemical makes it into the deeper layers of the skin while absorption is when the chemical actually makes it into the bloodstream. My questions are: What is in the product I’m using to protect myself from UV rays that can and will burn my skin? Will the ingredients be absorbed into my bloodstream or is it penetrating deeper?  If it is, what if any harm will it do? Learning what is in a product is our personal responsibility. None of us want to burn— so knowing the product to use is key. Other beneficial ways of protecting our skin lie in old-fashioned wisdom. Don’t stay out for more than ten minutes at a time. Wear long-sleeved shirts and a broad brimmed hat. Getting tan may be beautiful but is it worth the cost? As with all the information out there, the best choices should be made knowing all the facts and consulting with your doctor before making that choice.  I’d love to hear your take on this subject. Call the office at 843 997-7037 or stop and chat with us at 2798-D Howard Avenue in the Market Common. 

The Insider at the Market Common was wondering… Why you need a dog walker? Dogs are social creatures, just like us. Leaving him alone in the back-yard or apartment will depress him, which will decrease his immune system function. He needs to be with friends most of the time for his immune system to function best. Making sure your dog is not alone and isolated is important not only for his mood (and consequently his immune system, because it’s all connected) but also because, for dogs, company usually means physical activity – games and exercise all around the Market Common. What do we offer as dog walkers? Experience and affection towards your dog, make sure your animal is safe and secure with our walkers. Our walkers are certified in animal first aid and carry with them Pet First Aid kit on each walk. What can of information do we need on each pet? Lets plan a Meet and Greets in the Market Common so we can answer all your questions. We always required the pets age, veterinarian phone number, home owners phone number and if the dogs is on any medications. Please know that we don’t administer any medications. Do we walk dogs individually or in groups? While there is no wrong method, for liability purposes we prefer to walk dogs individual. Check our furry friends on Instagram To view more Ask Your Expert articles from the Insider at the Market Common, click here! Instagram

Safeguarding Your Pet’s Health This Holiday Season with Veterinarian Dr. Gwynn Hardee The holiday time is here with lots of great times together as family, and one of the most important members of our family is a four-footed cat or dog. Of course, they do not know that they are a critter and please do not tell them. Charlie sure thinks he is a person and we don’t want to break his heart by letting him know. All of us who have pets love them very much, and they are such an asset to our lives. The life enhancing facts of having a cat or dog in our lives are undeniable. Medical science has shown, for example, just petting and stroking your pet lowers your blood pressure. If you have ever seen a service pet taken into a nursing home, the effects on all those folks is simply amazing. However, for purposes of good health, we have to be careful how we treat our pet during these holidays. This time of year we see many pets that have an up- set stomach and diarrhea because they got too many treats from the table. I encourage you not to feed your pet left- overs. If you must, make sure it is some lean meat of some kind and in small portions. Never any bones! Also, chocolate is abundant this time of year, but it can be a real health challenge if you give your pet chocolate. Also, beware of dropped pills that you are taking getting into your pets. Many of our plants that adorn our homes this time of year can also be toxic. Remember sugar free gum containing xylitol can cause an acute low blood sugar that can kill your pet if not discovered quickly. Antifreeze is highly lethal to pets, al- though there are some brands out now that are deemed safe. Why would your pet drink antifreeze? It seems to taste like Kool-Aid to them! So please discard all in a safe way. If your pet is traveling, remember that it can be a high stress event for them, so make sure you check with your vet on how to make that time as smooth as possible. If you have a cat, please do not carry it in a pet carrier by the handle. We all make that swing as we walk, and it is very disturbing to the cat. Place them in the top if you have a door there, and put your hands under the crate and carry it like a crate of eggs. When putting them in the car, place them on the floorboard so sudden stops in traffic do not send them flying. Make sure you are using a vet that has been through the fear free training for all pets. If you have any specific questions, do not hesitate to call one our staff members or myself at 843-282-2287. Thanks so much, and to everyone both two legged and four, have a great holiday and be safe. Thanks, Gwynn Hardee, DVM Meadowlawn Animal Services To read more from our experts, click here! Envelope Phone Internet-explorer

The Insider at the Market Common introduces: Ask Your Expert – Meadowlawn Animal Services II If better veterinary health cost you less, would you be interested? I have been a veterinarian for 38 years and in all those years the most common reason for pets to have less than an extraordinary life has been owner compliance. Compliance is doing all the right things at the right time to make sure your pet lives a long, healthy life, ultimately to live better for longer. Since we are human, we tend to let things get in the way of this, one of the biggest things being money. In human health care, preventive medicine is all the rage to help old guys like me to live longer and better. As Kenny Chesney puts it in one of his songs, “I am too damn young to feel this old.” Some of the main reasons pets do not get receive the same kind of care as humans do include: our busy lifestyles, budget constraints, living on fixed income, or lack of education. That is the main reason during the financial slide of 2008, we came up with wellness plans for our pets that make great care more affordable and easier to budget. I have noticed if a dog or cat receives a wellness plan that encourages its owner to attend regular wellness check ups, and also changes its diet to a quality food, we achieve a longer and overall healthier life in almost all cases. The other benefit is we can prevent 10 times more than we can fix, so finding things early has a great reward. I love pets and I love seeing owners enjoy them for many years. No one is happier to see you than your dog and if we all were that excited to see each other, life would be better. I could hardly get my teenagers to grunt at me when I came home, but my dogs were glad to see me whether I had been gone 5 minutes or 5 days. My cat may be like your cat. She would look at me and say take a message, and I might get back with you. Dogs have owners and cats have staff! So, whether you call yourself an owner or staff, your pet needs you to make the right decisions for them. They are counting on you to do the right thing. They will usually suffer in silence. Cats are very adept at hiding their illness and when they finally show you something is wrong, it can feel like] falling off a cliff; it takes a huge effort to get them out of that hole. So, ask our staff about our wellness plans and see if that is a good fit for you and your 4-legged child or children. Thanks for all your trust, Dr. Gwynn Hardee and staff. To read more expert advice from friends of the Insider, click here!

Why is dental care so important especially in small children (dogs and cats)? (Hopefully the cannot read! If your pet does, do not let them see this article.) All pets get dental disease, and it is the number one health problem facing all pets, but especially small dogs and cats. It has been estimated that more than 70% of all those patients have significant dental disease by the age of 2-4 years, depending on the breed. Pets are very resistant to cavities, but get gingivitis (inflammation of the gum tissue around the teeth) and periodontitis (when the gum dies back and loses the boney support for the tooth). To ensure longevity among other things, dental care is a must. Our pets do not complain at all, but silently suffer with these problems. We know that it hurts because it hurts in us, so stink breath equals pain most of the time. When we correct these problems, most owners call us back and report their pet feels so much better in a week or so. I have been practicing dental care of pets for almost 40 years. When owners allow me to take care of this problem, their pets live much longer. Quality of life is also improved and they live longer. My own little poodles have reached 20 to 21 years with good dental care. Cats get much more painful lesions than dogs, and dental radiology is imperative to find all the lesions in a pet’s mouth. It is estimated that over 40% of lesions are missed without dental radiographs. So, Charlie and his doctor know how important good dental care really is. Charlie wants to be spoiled by his owners for a long time. Questions? Click on the icon below to get your answers and ask one of our knowledgeable team members or Dr. Hardee. Phone

Featured in the July 2017 issue of the Insider at the Market Common Topic: Wills Is it important to make a will? No one likes to think about death; it’s a very uncomfortable subject. However, it’s important to understand what would happen to your property if you pass away without having written a will. This is a question some tend to think about the older they become. It is vital for people to have a will completed correctly, especially, if that person owns personal or real estate property. What happens if you pass away without a will? If you die without a will in the State of South Carolina Probate Code determines who is entitled to your property. The South Carolina Probate Code provides that a surviving husband or wife is only entitled to one half of the deceased person’s property, if the deceased has surviving children. The line of succession continues to the deceased person’s parents, brothers or sisters, grandparents, cousins, etc. And if there are no surviving family members who come forward to stake a claim, then the entire estate of the deceased will be turned over to the State of South Carolina. When a will is properly drawn up and witnessed according to the laws of this state, a person can have the peace of mind that those he or she leaves behind will not be burdened with court costs and fees associated with determining the proper heirs who would inherit under the Probate Code. This advanced planning can prevent significant headaches for your loved ones, during an already difficult time. Are there any other documents that can assist in end of life planning? While a will is very important for the distribution of your assets after you pass away, there are several other documents which a person should have with end of life planning. Specifically, a living will, a healthcare power of attorney, and a durable power of attorney are all documents which provide assistance to your loved ones in case you become incapacitated and cannot make decisions on your own. All of these advanced directives are important and essential in the end of the planning. Written by Woody DuRant friend of the Insider at the Market Common Law Office of Durant Please call us for assistance in drafting these documents. Envelope Facebook Phone Internet-explorer

Featured in the September 2017 issue of the Insider at the Market Common What makes Myrtle Beach Fit Body Bootcamp different than other gyms and bootcamps? Our workouts are 30 minutes in length, so anyone can fit them in. We use high intensity interval training which burns more calories than traditional workouts and you will continue to burn calories for up to 30 hours after your workout. We focus on building lean muscle. This will improve your metabolism and turn you into a fat burning machine! Every workout is different and so you never get bored. Our trainers are knowledgable and care about each member and their progress. I have not exercised in a long time or I have an injury, can I still workout? Yes, you can. We provide modifications for every exercise. No matter what fitness level you are, you will get an amazing workout. We also provide modifications for injuries so that even if you have an issue we will help you work around it. We welcome all fitness levels and ages to our facility. What role does nutrition provide in getting fit? You cannot out train a bad diet. We provide everything you need to be successful with your eating. We focus on eating whole foods and low glycemic impact eating. You will save money because you won’t be eating expensive processes food any longer. We will give you meal plans and guidance all the way. Come try us out and see everything we have to offer! Written by Jennifer Shifflett, CPT friend of the Insider at the Market Common